Virtual meaning10/24/2022 ![]() conducting a survey among US and Canadian medical schools to get an overview about VP activities. Īnother illustrative example is the article by Huang et al. Manikins with realistic anatomy to train complex procedures such as endoscopy.Ī virtual representation of a human being using artificial intelligence technologies and natural language processing to train communication skills.Īdditional file 1 shows a more detailed description of the competencies and technologies.Ĭonsequently, the term “virtual patient” is used to describe a multitude of technologies and approaches, making effective communication difficult when educators, researchers and IT specialists share their experiences with VPs.įor example Le Beux and Fieschi used the term “virtual patient” in all three distinguished classes of educational tools: “Simulations for training”, “Virtual reality, video and virtual classroom” and “Medical virtual universities”. Procedural and basic clinical skills, /Team training Video-recorded actors who role-play a patient to train patient communication skills. Real-time simulation of human physiology to teach mainly procedures or skills such as surgical simulations. Virtual world to simulate high risk scenarios and team training situations (e.g. Interactive multimedia presentation of a patient case to teach mainly clinical reasoning skills (e.g. Interactive multimedia presentation of a patient case to teach primarily basic medical knowledge However, it is based on experience and does not show the frequency of the terms. This classification takes into account the following features: common names, teaching applications, learner skills evaluated, interactivity, consistency of experience & evaluation, flexibility to recover from learner errors, suitability for game-based approach, author challenge, core, and enabling technology (see Table 1 in ). in the overview of educational virtual patients identifying seven classes of VPs, ranging from technically basic digital case presentations to advanced virtual reality applications and high-fidelity simulations. A more inclusive approach was provided by Talbot et al. in which the authors excluded many articles using the virtual patient definition suggested by the AAMC. ![]() However, these taxonomies focus on specific types of VPs and suffer from the exclusion of other forms such as high-fidelity simulations or manikins.Ī similarly selective view can be seen in systematic reviews such as the one by Cook et al. have developed a more extensive empirically derived VP typology framework which is based on four categories of metadata (general, educational, instructional and technical) with 19 factors. categorized VPs as either following a problem-solving design (focused on teaching clinical reasoning and diagnosing skills) or a narrative design (emphasis on teaching decision making), Huwendiek et al. ![]() There have been a few attempts in recent years to develop a taxonomy for VPs. ![]() describes VPs as “virtual interactive agents who are trained to simulate a patient’s particular clinical presentation with a high degree of consistency and realism”. Īn often-cited and more specific definition by the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) delineates virtual patients as “A specific type of computer-based program that simulates real-life clinical scenarios learners emulate the roles of health care providers to obtain a history, conduct a physical exam, and make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions”. #Virtual meaning softwareOne recently proposed definition is quite general: “In the context of medical education, this term generally refers to any software that allows case-based training”. Similar heterogeneity exists among definitions that are used to specify the term “virtual patient”. Particularly in the educational field the term “virtual patient” is applied to many diverse approaches. Yet among these applications there exists a heterogeneous understanding about what virtual patients are and for what purposes they may be used. Virtual patients (VPs) have been used for many years in various contexts : in healthcare education, electronic patient records, and clinical research. ![]()
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